Alan Turing, the Father of Computer Science

July 1, 2008

Charles Petzold was kind enough to send me a copy of his new book, The Annotated Turing: A Guided Tour Through Alan Turing's Historic Paper on Computability and the Turing Machine.

The Annotated Turing: A Guided Tour Through Alan Turing's Historic Paper on Computability and the Turing Machine

One look at the original title page of Turing's paper is enough to convince me that we're fortunate to have a guide as distinguished and patient as Charles. You know you're in trouble when the very first page opens with "Entscheidungsproblem".

on computable numbers with an application to the Entscheideungsproblem

The computer you're using to read this post is based on the mathematical model laid out in that thirty-six page 1936 paper. As are all other computers in the world. The terms Turing Machine and Turing Complete are both derived from that one historic paper.

Needless to say, we owe Alan Turing a lot.

photo of Alan Turing

Not only is Alan Turing the father of all modern computer science, he also was the single individual most responsible for breaking the Enigma code during World War II, and he laid the foundation for artificial intelligence by posing the Turing Test in 1950.

Unfortunately, Alan Turing was also terribly persecuted for the "crime" of being a homosexual. He was arrested in 1952 for having sex with another man. It pains me greatly to read about the degrading and inhumane treatment one of our greatest scientific minds was subjected to. Alan Turing ultimately committed suicide not long afterwards at the age of 42.

The "nobel prize of computing" was founded in Turing's name in 1966. Reading the list of Turing Award recipients is humbling indeed, a reminder of not only how far we've come, but how far we have to go.

Alan Turing statue

The Alan Turing Memorial, erected in 2001, bears this Bertrand Russell quote:

Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty -- a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture.

You'll note that the statue depicts Turing holding an apple in his right hand, a reference to the way he chose to end his life -- by eating a cyanide-laced apple. That was Turing's last message to the world, with clear parallels not only to the legendary scientific knowledge of Isaac Newton, but also the biblical interpretation of forbidden love.

Petzold's Annotated Turing is a gripping testament to the amazing mind of Alan Turing. Writing the book was a nine year labor of love, and it shows. It may be his shortest book -- but it could also be his best yet.

Posted by Jeff Atwood
158 Comments

In response to:

if he's of such a great intellect, why off yourself?

We can never make the assumption that because someone is a great intellect, has powerful cognitive skills, or great professional success that they are also emotionally healthy individuals.

For many, logic and reason go out the window when deep emotional scars exist. The treatment that Turing endured because of his homosexuality certainly left emotional scars. When emotional scars are deep enough or the pain strong enough, people become incapable of thinking rationally.

Have you ever known anyone who was very skilled professionally who also had a major life problem? The list goes on and on: Addictions, affairs, financial ruin. Logically, anyone knows that walking down those paths leads to pain and life struggles. But people are made up of more than ones and zeros, inputs and outputs. Often times, logic isn't the driving force. If you are proud enough to believe every decision you make is founded in logic, then you are near disaster.


EES on July 3, 2008 7:40 AM

At the risk of repeating what that first poster said, ultimately Turing broke a law. No matter how much we disagree with a law, we don't have the right to break them. Laws are in place for a reason - no matter how crazy they appear at the time.

Do we have a right to break or ignore unjust laws? It really depends on who you ask. There are many (e.g. Thoreau, Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Rosa Parks, etc.) who would disagree with your simpleton approach to the relation between law and justice.

Shmork on July 3, 2008 8:39 AM

Why would one assume that great intellects couldn't choose death over life?

Let's not forget what they made him go through to avoid jail for being who he was. They made him take hormone injections. They stripped him of his security clearance and branded him a risk, a biological freak. They made it so that he could not do what he loved to do. And more importantly, they made it so that he could not love who he wanted to love.

And let's face it. Things weren't going to get any better for homosexuals for decades. Anywhere.

Turing was in an unjust world that was never going to let him just exist, no matter how valuable he was to his country, no matter what he had done or could do. As his reward for helping win the war, he was branded a biological criminal.

It is disgusting to me how many people implicitly nod with assent and agreement at his treatment. Do you also agree the Nuremberg laws were laws that couldn't be broken, and those who did deserved what they got? Maybe we all nod in assent at Dred Scott v. Sandford, too? As if there were no other alternatives -- as if oppression was inevitable, even righteous. It disgusts me. It's one thing to contextualize, it's another to assent.

Shmork on July 3, 2008 8:49 AM

I really don't have sympathy for how his life ended... at least he got the chance to choose, which further disturbs me - if he's of such a great intellect, why off yourself?

You, sir, are a tool. The man was persecuted for being gay (like the Nazis did incidentally), and got to choose between being made a guinea pig for scientific experimentation (another Nazi trait), or doing what he could to make the persecution and torture stop.

I'm gay, and it is painful to be gay in today's society. Most of my 20's were lost due to depression and suicidal thoughts. I can't even imagine what it was like back then. Kindly shut up.

gex on July 3, 2008 9:02 AM

That this:

'their respective partners will not be welcomed.'

and this:

'My kids will be sheltered from this sickness'

can precede this:

'By what standard am I closed minded?'

shows an astounding lack of self-awareness... gex presented a not entirely unreasonable counterpoint to 'I find that homosexuality is gross and disgusting.' So gex's reaction is idiotic and your and Brian's isn't? Nice.

protected static on July 3, 2008 9:20 AM

example, Ramanujan, an Indian, flourished because of western culture and would have been irrelevant without it. How much innovation came out of Asia or Africa?

Well, without a change from Roman numerals to Arabic numerals, how much symbolic manipulation (math and later computer science) would Western civilization have come up with? It's hard to say, but I can't imagine things would have been the same.

gex on July 3, 2008 9:25 AM

I forget who said it, but I remember a quote of All great computer programmers are also historians - it is very valuable to know how we got where we are. Sometimes you're staring at a huge WTF in the system, and if you don't know why it got that way, you may be tempted to change it, exposing some weird problem that was solved many years ago by adding the thing you thought was a WTF.

I had no idea Turing was gay. That is very interesting, and while it doesn't shed any light on his discoveries or achievements, it does shed a huge light on the history of society and where we have come from. In many countries in the world, you can still be prosecuted for being gay. In Dubai it is strictly forbidden, as is cross-dressing in either direction, regardless of whether you are also gay or not. (FYI, crossdressing != gay)

Jasmine on July 3, 2008 9:28 AM

@gex - you lettem have it dude, good for you! Many folks on this board are aware that I am transgender, and I experienced the same issues - depression, suicidal thoughts, self-defeating behavior, and so on. If you are not gay, or have never been persecuted simply for who you are, kindly shut the heck up - you have NO IDEA what it's like to have someone simply look at you and instantly think you are a worthless human being, or want to beat you up or kill you. Until you've been subjected to that, you have no right to comment.

Jasmine on July 3, 2008 9:33 AM

Patrick you honestly think that a law requiring a gay person to be jailed or experimented on deserves to be respected and followed?

The United States decided in only 2003 that gay sex can't be outlawed. And there is still bitter division over this. You'll note, perhaps, that this simple ruling by our Supreme Court inspired a lot of constitutional amendments so that we could keep singling out gay people for differential treatment. I guess instead of being irritated that I can't marry my partner, I should just be grateful that I'm not in jail or being shot up with hormones.

I know you didn't actually defend the content of the law, just that they should be followed. But perhaps you'd rethink this if you were subject to laws that others in society are not.

Grow up.

gex on July 3, 2008 9:35 AM

@gex

I find that homosexuality is gross and disgusting, but I do not want laws or society to discriminate against someone because they are gay. At the same time, I really do not like the idea of homosexual marriages because I find it gross to see two men or two women kissing in public or holding hands. I do not think this is discrimination for me to object to a law to allow someone who is gay to marry. Having said that, no matter how gross or disgusting I make of the whole situation, I don't think that it will keep people from being gay or acting gay so I say let them eat cake!

Brian on July 3, 2008 9:56 AM

Brian,

I find that straight sex is gross and disgusting. And in public isn't the place for any intimate expression of love, whether gay or straight.

So you don't think I should have inheritance rights for property owned by my partner? You think I should have to pay taxes on my health care benefits where my partner's coworkers' spouses do not? Or that our joint household doesn't need the benefits of joint tax filing to keep things running? We've already had a situation where one of us had to lie about being a sibling to see the other in an intensive care unit. Simply because you think our sexual orientation is icky? Wow. Just wow.

I didn't know that ickiness was a compelling state interest that allows for discriminatory laws. Good to know.

gex on July 3, 2008 10:18 AM

Hi Anvar,

I'm well aware of the innovation that came out of other cultures.

My point was that the achievements of western culture, from ancient Greece to ancient Rome, from North America to Russia, are far above everyone else.

China unfortunately kept a lot of its innovation from the outside world.

Chinese agricultural practices are what affected Europe the most.

Also, the concept for zero is from China, not India. The Chinese used a dash to represent zero.

The latter intellectual greatness of Egypt was Greek, and therefore western. Who was Alexandria named after?

Have a great day.

Chris on July 3, 2008 11:00 AM

Excellent - the comments have turned into a gay rights debate...

I'll check back Monday...

HB on July 3, 2008 11:14 AM

The proper terminology is homosexual, not gay. Just as the proper terminology is heterosexual, not non-gay.

Pardeep on July 3, 2008 11:30 AM

Excellent - the comments have turned into a gay rights debate...

I felt I had to comment on the veritably insane statement below:

GEX: I find that straight sex is gross and disgusting.

Less competition for us normal guys I suppose.

I did follow up with a relevant post.

Chris on July 3, 2008 11:32 AM

@chris: check http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions

i don't think it lists all.

@gex:
I find that straight sex is gross and disgusting. And in public isn't the place for any intimate expression of love, whether gay or straight.

you pretty much lost my sympathy there. you're the product is straight sex. and 2nd sentence pretty much shows you're just as a bigot as the people who oppress you.

Jin on July 3, 2008 11:39 AM

Jin,

Yup, my source is The Genius of China (based on Needham's work), which is also listed in your link.

Perhaps if China hadn't been so introverted we might have been far more advanced today =)

Chris on July 3, 2008 11:47 AM

He had a terrible childhood too poor chap.
Didn't he marry someone when he was in the US? So i guess that makes him a bisexual

@Jeff
did you reading his theory about the Turing machine and Computability? It is so cool. Maybe you could do a post on that :)
I would love to hear you version of it.

Sravanthi Tipirneni on July 3, 2008 11:49 AM

Great post, really enjoyed reading it.

Whitdawg on July 3, 2008 12:00 PM

Hi Chris,

O.K, I take back what I said. Perhaps you are not as ill informed as your post portrayed you to be. Now, if I can stretch you just a bit more and ask: when you say, My point was that the achievements of western culture, from ancient Greece to ancient Rome, from North America to Russia, are far above everyone else., what is your historical context. From what point in history do you begin to count the innovations of western culture?

Anvar on July 3, 2008 12:35 PM

Warning: I bought the book because I like Petzold's blog. I knew I did not have time to read it. I cannot stop reading. If you have a real interest in mathematics this is a must read.

PsA on July 3, 2008 1:04 PM

Hi Anvar,

No offense taken =)

Ancient Greece is considered the beginning of western civ. That spread to Rome and then Christendom spread it to the rest of Europe, and then to the entire world. As far as I know, every poster here accepts that his post was written in 2008 as designated by western culture, whatever the poster's culture is.

Chris on July 3, 2008 1:10 PM

Hi Chris,

I am in agreement that all posters [ probably ] are products of western culture. After all, we are using English to communicate. I just wonder, would anyone know about the ancient Greece today if it weren't for the people who came up with the idea of written language. As sophisticated as the Greeks were, they did not have a written language.

Who had written language? It certainly was not the west.

Then again, I wonder if we can split the world so easily when we look back at history, can we. Some steal from others. Some are too introverted. And, at times it is just better to think before we speak, no?

By the way, don't be fooled by my name 'Anvar.' I am very much a product of the western culture. I just don't find it easy to make sweeping, large, general statements so easily without feeling like an idiot.

Anvar on July 4, 2008 3:32 AM

The British government's treatment of Turing was shameful. Especially when he had contributed so much to helping the allies win the war. Hopefully we are a bit more enlightened now.

Betchley Park is well worth a visit BTW.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bletchley_park

Andy Brice on July 4, 2008 8:03 AM

Chris:

What standard do you adhere to and are holding me accountable to when you say that the statement straight sex is gross and disgusting is a reasonable counterpoint to what an earlier poster wrote?

It isn't based on any morality at all, nor any standard other than conversational English - it's a common gambit. I am strongly opposed to X, and favor Y. Well, I'm in favor of Y and oppose X. Just because the subject matter sets you off makes it no less common a pattern.

One day at lunch I queer lisped and the girls were disgusted. Not by my bigotry but by how realistic I did it.

Bully for you - you found fellow bigots. This proves what, exactly? That there are people out there who share your prejudices? So what?

You may believe that your 'disgust of homosexuality and its practice is natural and visceral'; I happen to believe that its mostly social conditioning. As you point out, homosexuality has been far more common through history than most people realize. Your assertion that the vast majority of people have a visceral and natural gag reflex when it comes to homosexuality; the lifestyle and the act. That a man can have romantic or lustful feelings towards another man is vomitous and most of the world would concur. is, however, just an assertion not borne out by the evidence. It only serves to justify your own prejudices by applying a veneer of universality.

While I happen to think that some historians have stretched beyond what the evidence can support, I also happen to think that most of what you call 'a visceral and natural gag reflex' is largely a product of Victorian morality, predominantly English and American Victorian morality. The modern concept of homosexuality rose in large part out of the early modern medical movement, using a disease model, buttressed by mainstream religion. This hardly makes it a universal truth - it makes it a situational one.

And Chris? Drop the quotes from my pseudonym, please.

protected static on July 4, 2008 8:55 AM

Anvar - you're mistaken about the Greeks: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_orthography

protected static on July 4, 2008 9:59 AM

I'm with Gex on this.

I reject Chris' argument about what's natural. Yes, heterosexuality is natural and quite obviously fundamental to species propagation. But more and more science is showing us that homosexuality is natural as well. The book Biological Exuberance documents hundreds of animal species that demonstrate homosexual behavior. And a recent study ran MRIs on gay and straight men and women. What they found is that in response to non-sexual thoughts and emotions, gay women's brains activated in the same areas as straight men while gay men's brains activated in the same areas as straight women. Meanwhile, Chris' natural disdain for homosexual behavior could be attributed to millenia of religious and cultural conditioning.

Even if we grant that it is unnatural, so what? In what other ways does humanity so thoroughly reject that which is unnatural? Why are you on a computer, discussing things on the Internet if you have such a visceral dislike for human beings acting outside of nature?

Finally, I should point out that a sexual response study of men who are vehemently homophobic exposed to woman/woman, man/woman, and man/man porn predominantly had a stronger erectile response to the man/man porn. Just sayin. Most people just don't react that strongly to things that don't interest them. Explains a lot of the disgraced family values politicians and religious leaders, actually.

Explosive Amnesia on July 4, 2008 10:31 AM

Quick addendum:

The decision in 2003 in the Lawrence case hinged on the fact that these unnatural acts were legal for straight people but not for gay people. Texas had the choice to make sodomy illegal for both groups, but I can't imagine straight men going back to the days where oral was illegal.

So tell me Chris, do you eschew that disgusting, unnatural oral sex? Or are you a freaking hypocrite? Or is that just too personal for you to allow the community to discuss and make decisions about what you do in private?

Explosive Amnesia on July 4, 2008 10:48 AM

I havenot heard his name before.Is he really?Thanks for the very much good information.

South Yorkshire Jobssite on July 4, 2008 11:53 AM

Hi protected static,

What lack of self-awareness?

I ask again, by what standard am I closed minded?

What absolute standard are you holding me accountable to?

Christianity?

Islam?

Humanism?

Your own made up values?

What absolute is this standard based on and what is the evidence for this standard that I should adhere to it?

On the other hand what does it matter if I'm closed minded?

Do I have to be open to everything?

Why do I have to be open minded toward homosexuality?

What standard do you adhere to and are holding me accountable to when you say that the statement straight sex is gross and disgusting is a reasonable counterpoint to what an earlier poster wrote?

Though homosexuality throughout history has been much more widespread than most people realize, the vast majority of people have a visceral and natural gag reflex when it comes to homosexuality; the lifestyle and the act. That a man can have romantic or lustful feelings towards another man is vomitous and most of the world would concur.

Bigots that they are, this is a natural and automatic gag reflex for the vast majority of people, if not blunted through constant exposure and indoctrination.

A trite case in point would be a quite liberal company (albeit small, around 80 people) I worked for in a very liberal Canadian city. A number of my co-workers were homosexuals and I didn't mind them in the least and I still like them. I developed a reasonably close relationship with one, a PhD. This company has a lot of recent female liberal arts (no pun intended) grads from a major, very liberal university. One day at lunch I queer lisped and the girls were disgusted. Not by my bigotry but by how realistic I did it. After a little talk it turned out that they were disgusted by homosexuals (surprised??????) and only expressed a reflexive tolerance. I told them that is dishonest. My way is to ignore a person's personal life if I disagree with it. I will not pretend to accept it. The three or four gay friends I've had understood my position and personal life was never brought up. I don't talk to people about my very active sex life with my wife.

While my family was definitely not pro-gay we did have a homosexual couple over for Christmas once. A great couple. I would not tolerate this with my children but these were friends. Personal intimate preference was not brought up, just like with anyone else. Intimate matters stayed private. Perhaps if most people kept intimate matters private tolerance would not be a problem.

Don't ask, don't tell.

While I do have views on the morality of homosexuality based on an absolute standard, morality in this case is irrelevant.

What is relevant is that my disgust of homosexuality and its practice is natural and visceral (as attested to by the majority of people in the world) and therefore my reaction to the statement straight sex is gross and disgusting is not idiotic but natural.

That being said, I have total disdain for how Turing was treated. His suicide is very sad.

Chris on July 4, 2008 1:02 PM

protected static,

So I'm guilty of gambit?

That's all it is, a gambit?

That is stupid.

Tell me, what do you think of the practice of bestiality?

Better a bigot than a faggot.

And I suggest you look up the definition of bigot before throwing it around ignorantly. It can easily be applied to you for being intolerant of my views.

Not that I'm too concerned about being called a bigot.

Evidence for the gag reflex? Move out of the Castro district and hang out with regular people.

You can think whatever you like. The fact of the matter is that the vast majority out there are viscerally disgusted by the practice of homosexuality, as has been for millenia all over the world. Religious beliefs against homosexuality didn't come out of a vacuum.

So what do you think of the practice of bestiality?

Chris on July 5, 2008 4:01 AM

Explosive Amnesia,

What do you think of the practice of bestiality?

Perhaps it is you that is conditioned? Did that occur to you?

That animals exhibit homosexual like behaviour does not make the practice natural.

The first and foremost unnatural aspect of homosexuality is the lustful desire for a person of the same sex.

Animals have no desire for the other party in the act, but use the other to stimulate themselves. Be it another animal, a sofa or your leg.

And what about mental responses by straights and gays to non-sexual thoughts and emotions? The brain adjusts to a person's tendencies. Studies ought to be done on prisoners locked away for long periods of time engaged in homosexual acts who otherwise would be disgusted by the practice. Not everyone is born a homosexual. Just like people aren't born attracted to bestiality.

They should have added male pedophiles interested in boys and male pedophiles interested in girls to the study. I wonder what the results would be like. Could there be a result that would exonerate their deviant desires?

I didn't know anything about homosexuality as a kid. Along with every other boy I would have been disgusted if a boy expressed romantic feelings for another boy. I was shocked that such a condition existed. This was something that was never mentioned at home so I didn't know about it.

Being aroused by my dentist's nice breasts when I was five years old in an innocent little town was also not conditioning. Just nature.

I don't understand what you mean by In what other ways does humanity so thoroughly reject that which is unnatural?

As for Why are you on a computer, discussing things on the Internet if you have such a visceral dislike for human beings acting outside of nature? I suggest reading my posts before replying.

Finally, I should point out that a sexual response study of men who
are vehemently homophobic exposed to woman/woman, man/woman, and
man/man porn predominantly had a stronger erectile
response to the man/man porn.
Just sayin. Most people just don't react that strongly to
things that don't interest them. Explains a lot of the disgraced
family values politicians and religious leaders, actually.

Perhaps they should come out of the closet.

I watched part of that gay cowboy movie and actually felt sick to the stomach as the tent scene started. I immediately fast forwarded and in a couple of minutes a similar scene appeared upon which I had to quickly turn it off as I felt physically sick to my stomach. No exaggeration. I should have read the reviews. I wanted to see what the fuss was about but was definitely not expecting gay porn.

And you know what, perhaps if I watched it many times I'd grow to like it and perhaps would become a queer.

It's happened before to others.

Joking about homosexuals has definitely worn my disgust. I best stop joking about it before I start finding it acceptable. The human mind can rationalize anything.

Anal sex is disgusting with whomever it is done. Exit only. One way. No entrance. Stop and don't proceed.

So tell me Chris, do you eschew that disgusting, unnatural
oral sex? Or are you a freaking hypocrite? Or is that just too
personal for you to allow the community to discuss
and make decisions about what you do in private?

Learn some logic skills. That some idiotic law interfered with private lives and deemed a practice unnatural does not make it so, so don't apply it to me.

Oral sex is mentioned approvingly in the Bible, in the Song of Solomon. Between a husband and wife, where the act of consummation, the first act of sex, is the act of marriage in the eyes of God, and fornication, sex without permanent commitment, is an abomination.

I quite enjoy muff diving my wife and the Bible approves.

Chris on July 5, 2008 4:11 AM

Anvar, WHAT are you talking about???

Chris on July 5, 2008 4:11 AM

Collosal Squid you are quite correct it is von neumann. my apologies to the von neumann fans out there.

Tim Yen on July 5, 2008 4:50 AM

Better a bigot than a faggot.

Nice, Chris. Thanks for making my point for me.

The fact of the matter is that the vast majority out there are viscerally disgusted by the practice of homosexuality, as has been for millenia all over the world.

Your feelings aren't data, no matter how intensely you may experience them. Again you make assertions of universality, but you can't back them up with anything other than your own disgust and your own flavor of morality - neither of which is going to carry much weight with me.

protected static on July 5, 2008 6:21 AM

protected static, I've said what I had to say. Have a great day.

Chris on July 5, 2008 9:04 AM

@protected static

Here's the data and even a book

http://atheism.about.com/b/2006/07/28/revulsion-of-homosexuality-book-notes-created-equal.htm

The decision to regard homosexuality as a species of alien behavior, and to punish it, makes a law of the majority’s personal taste and habits. For most people, the “sin” of homosexuality is a question of taste. The question embarrasses people not because they can’t imagine it, but because they can and do.

The revulsion many men and women feel at the thought of sexual activity between people of their own sex remains a formidable obstacle on the path of gay rights. This revulsion, which we call the Ick Factor, equates distaste with immorality. It is a child’s vision of life, in which the things one wants to do are natural, and the things one doesn’t want to do are matters of morality: “I don’t like it; it’s bad.”

JaguarJones on July 6, 2008 5:50 AM

Wow, he helps to save the free world, and we arrest him for buttfucking. I hate human beings.

boomslice on July 6, 2008 6:21 AM

@JaguarJones:

I'm familiar w/ this research - but again, it's a 'some people in this culture' result (with which I can't disagree) and not 'all peoples for all times.' From your 1st link:

Disgust can also fade as it begins, through association and imagery, through positive depictions of once-reviled objects. In the 1960s, most Americans and Europeans disapproved of interracial marriage, and revulsion at such couplings played no small role. This has changed considerably, as has the reaction to homosexual relationships. It is not abstract argument driving this change in cultural values; it is Queer Eye for the Straight Guy.

Again, this tells me that these perceptions are culturally shaped. YMMV.

protected static on July 6, 2008 9:40 AM

@JaguarJones:

The book is solely about gay rights through an American framework. I won't deny that many Americans, being products of American society, find the idea of 'gay sex' (or more likely, 'man-on-man anal sex') icky - that would be willful ignorance on my part.

There is still no evidence to support Chris' claims that this is a universal belief and has been for millennia. 'Many [Americans]' is not the same as 'the vast majority [of Americans - or, as Chris claimed, of people around the world]' and contemporary American society has not existed for 'millenia all over the world.'

protected static on July 6, 2008 1:21 PM

@JaguarJones:

After having looked up the book in question on Amazon, I see it was published in 1995. Attitudes have shifted tremendously in thirteen years, even within American society - further undercutting Chris' claims.

protected static on July 6, 2008 1:25 PM

Oh this is rich :)

You can choose to be disgusted at whatever you want, but you have no right to make laws against it or treat people with disrespect because of it. There are lots of things that 'disgust' me - people with rotten teeth, fat people, bad driver, stupid people, and especially gay-bashers. I don't go around telling them to fix their teeth, lose weight, learn to drive, educate themselves, and leave the gays alone. They have a right to be whoever they want to be, and while I'm disgusted by these people, I also find them beautiful. Life would really suck if everyone was who and what you want them to be - variation is the basis of evolution in the biological sense, and in the societal sense, and without that, we would be really screwed. Monotony is the true ugliness here, and that's the world you want to create? Get real...

Jasmine on July 7, 2008 12:06 PM

I was unaware of the circumstances surrounding Turing's death. The symolism of the poisoned apple is nearly as interesting as Oscar Wilde's last words.

Daniel Pritchett on July 9, 2008 2:50 AM

I'm puzzled by the opening remark. Turing's articles strike me as being extremely readable, it's hard to believe how much effort he takes to explain his ideas in non-technical terms. Concerning the word Entscheidungsproblem in the title: at the time, knowledge of German was a prerequisite for contributing to mathematics.

Reinier on July 9, 2008 3:40 AM

I may not completely agree with the idea of two men butt-fucking, but I will defend to the death their right to do it.

Michael Burgwin on July 9, 2008 6:40 AM

For those open minded enough to even consider taking 28 minutes of their life to listen to this, here's a sermon by John McArthur, probably the greatest preacher in the world.

Listen to him recount meeting a homosexual dying of AIDS, who fortunately didn't die a homosexual.

http://www.oneplace.com/ministries/Grace_to_You/archives.asp?bcd=2008-7-7

Of course, most people are too set in their ways to even consider the above for a moment, and yet demand Christians to adhere to their values.

Though I don't know about McArthur's claim that the average homosexual has around 500 partners in his life... perhaps that's true in the Castro district...

Chris on July 10, 2008 4:40 AM

(JA Where is my comment from five minutes back? Was that censorship in action? My comment was relevant to the post and the resulting comments... perhaps you're intolerant of my views.)

Chris on July 10, 2008 4:55 AM

Never mind. Next time I'll refresh the page.

Chris on July 10, 2008 4:56 AM

I hate liars, Chris.

Perhaps you're dense.

I've said what I had to say but linked to someone else who has something better to say. I wasn't offering any more commentary but that is apparently lost on your little brain.

Chris on July 12, 2008 3:01 AM

protected static, I've said what I had to say. Have a great day.
Chris on July 5, 2008 08:04 PM


For those open minded enough to even consider taking 28 minutes of their life to listen to this, here's a sermon by John McArthur
[snip]

Chris on July 10, 2008 03:40 PM

I hate liars, Chris.

God on July 12, 2008 10:29 AM

Jeff,

The UK government seems content to let Bletchley Park fall into ruin. It has got sufficiently bad that 97 leading UK computer scientists wrote to The Times about it. Any publicity you could give to getting proper funding to restore Bletchley Park would be much appreciated.
http://successfulsoftware.net/2008/07/24/bletchley-park-falling-into-negelect/

Andy Brice on July 24, 2008 3:56 AM

serch him and ull find him lol lol lol lol lol 3:] luv u allllll!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

nicole on September 17, 2008 7:38 AM

myself tushar.i want to download this book for self study.
plz sent me this book on my email address.
if is costly then plz sent me a web site for free download for this book.

Tusharkumar(tushar_veer@yahoo.co.in) on October 1, 2008 11:50 AM

Alan Turing was great man

rahul on May 7, 2009 3:00 AM

My understanding was the apple was because he loved the story of Snow White, not for the symbolism you list.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing#Prosecution_for_homosexual_acts_and_Turing.27s_death
Look at the last paragraph.

Seneca Rapson on February 6, 2010 10:38 PM

Father of computer science? I guess Church, Kleene, and Godel where all schlubs...

spoon on February 6, 2010 10:38 PM

Nice article - well written.

John Nash
Write life story

John Nash on May 25, 2010 3:56 AM

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