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Coding Horror
programming and human factors
by Jeff Atwood

October 16, 2006

Chickens, Pigs, and Really Inappropriate Terminology

Here's a description of the daily Scrum meeting in the Scrum process:

During the month-long sprints, the team holds daily meetings-- the daily Scrum. Meetings are typically held in the same location and at the same time each day. Ideally the daily Scrums are held in the morning, as they help set the context for the coming day's work. Each participant in the Daily Scrum is known as either a chicken or a pig, depending on his involvement in the project.

Scrum has some serious naming problems, starting with Scrum itself. Here's another one. Chickens? Pigs? The whole thing is completely lost on me. Evidently it's based on a joke from Schwaber and Beedle's Agile Software Development with Scrum:

Chicken:
Let's start a restaurant!

Pig:
What would we call it?

Chicken:
Ham n' Eggs!

Pig: No thanks. I'd be committed, but you'd only be involved!

In other words, pigs sacrifice their lives for the project, whereas chickens only have to give up their eggs. It's amusing, I suppose, but just try explaining it to the people coming to your Daily Scrum meetings.

Pig vs. Chicken

I agree that everyone participating in the project should have "skin in the game". But not literally. Pride in your project is one thing, but implying that you'd give your very life to see the project succeed is just a little too macho for my tastes. And it gets worse. Jeff Sutherland, one of the co-creators of Scrum, explains that the chicken term is meant to be derogatory:

The real issue is who is committed to the project and accountable for deliverables. They get to talk at the daily meeting. They are the pigs and their butts are on the line. We could call them contributors if we don't like pigs.

People who are not committed to the project and are not accountable for deliverables at the meeting do not get to talk [at the daily meeting]. They are excess overhead for the meeting. They might be called eavesdroppers if you don't like chickens. Whatever we call them it should have a negative connotation because they tend to sap productivity. They are really suckers or parasites that live off the work of others. Sorry to be politically incorrect but others should come up with a euphemism that conveys the right balance between being "nice" and communicating clearly that eavesdroppers must minimize their impact on the productivity of the team.

If you look at most corporate meetings you will see 50-80% excess overhead. These are the meetings that Scrum eliminates on day 1 if done properly.

Most of excess overhead will claim they need to know what is going on because it impacts their work in some way. They don't need to know what is going on in the Scrum. They need to be able to see a visual representation off the backlog that is updated daily, preferably automatically on the web. At the end of the Sprint, they get to go to a demo where they can see exactly what went on, can provide their input, and can influence the next Sprint. This is where they can provide a real contribution.

I see where Jeff is coming from here. I really do. I have a deep respect for project managers* who nobly throw themselves on meeting grenades so the team can actually get work done. The number one goal of any competent PM is to shield their team from as much of this organizational overhead as possible. But the use of derogatory in-joke terminology harms the cause by making it harder for outsiders to take Scrum seriously. And I wonder: how do you diplomatically break the news to a chicken that thinks it's a pig?

Luckily, the very same wiki page provides some alternative terminology that better communicates what's going on in the daily Scrum meeting:

  • Players, Spectators
  • Contributors, Observers
  • Committed, Interested
  • Forwards, Backs (continuing with the rugby theme)
  • Active, Passive

Although I don't agree with all of it, there are some solid software development principles in Scrum. It's a shame that stupid stuff like chickens and pigs get in the way.

* or, in the spectacularly bad parlance of Scrum, ScrumMasters.

Posted by Jeff Atwood    View blog reactions
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Comments

I've said the same thing about the names of programming languages. Gee, boss, I think think we should do this project in Boo. No, seriously...

Developers (myself included) are terrible at naming things.

I very much see the point, though. I'm regularly involved in meetings (and have been over the past five or so years that I've been a dev lead) in which the "eavesdroppers" outnumbered those doing actual work by eight to one. It wouldn't be so bad if they were just evesdroppers, but just about any random meeting attendee can derail a meeting, and those with no vested interest in a productive meeting seem to love to derail it just to "make their mark". Stupid Pigs! Oops, I mean, Stupid Chickens!

Jon Galloway on October 18, 2006 12:21 AM

The only way to change something in a a workplace is to get organized. Go on a strike and demand that the derogatory naming scheme is removed.

The problem is that you seem to accept just about any stupid thing from you "bosses" over there.

I can't ever imagine anyone over here accepting to be called pigs and chickens on the morning meetings.

GH on October 18, 2006 2:36 AM

I've been working with scrum for the last 6 months or so, and really like it.

I have wondered though if the "inappropriate" names are done intentionally - agile methods are not supposed to be taken as law, they should be adapted to fit the needs of the group using them. As such, maybe this is an indirect way of forcing the adopters to think of the process in their own context as opposed to using it word for word?

Or maybe I'm just reading too much into it :)

Derrick on October 18, 2006 4:24 AM

It would be great if you could devote a blog entry to this:

"I have a deep respect for project managers* who nobly throw themselves on meeting grenades so the team can actually get work done. The number one goal of any competent PM is to shield their team from as much of this organizational overhead as possible."

Bruce on October 18, 2006 5:20 AM

What the heck? This is one of those things where I just shake my head and question whether or not I should even attempt to understand why people do the things they do in this world. I'm afraid I wouldn't last long at your company, Jeff, because during one of your 'daily scrums' I'd stand up and say, "look, dude, I'm not chicken, you're not a pig. This is a company, we're making a product, and if I need to put on a funny hat, or face paint, or change my name for the sake of some ridiculous concept then please allow me to make my way towards the nearest exit!" I mean, come on, why this need for ultra-labeling, ultra-defining, ultra-structure? Yes, software development is hard, it's complex and there is a known history of failure, but, the same goes for the concept of democracy and that doesn't mean that socialism or communism is the answer. I have now finished my rant.

Ken on October 18, 2006 6:17 AM

I've always said that semantic analysis should be a required course for anyone in IT. Not only can the words used identify the conceptual context of the speaker, but selecting terms creatively can evoke a conceptual context for the listener.

For instance ... want to make sure your extensible application never gets extended beyond its intended scope? Make sure all your terms imply a context in which the correct scope is required for them to make any sense whatsoever.

And it's useful to be able to identify when other people are using language in order to manipulate your own state of mind. The pigs/chickens dichotomy just sounds like yet another technique "those who must lead from behind with a whip" must use to make sure their 35-year-old bachelor developers with no hobbies or home life continue to put in 100 hours a week in order to save an understaffed, underallocated project.

Render on October 18, 2006 6:39 AM

It seems the "chicken" are the most offended by the terms "pig" and "chicken"! ;o)

Jay on October 18, 2006 7:06 AM

Relax folks.... It's just a name, and when I was involved in Scrum, we didn't use any of that.

The real difference for us was having monthly (approx) shoft term deliverables, and the daily standup meetings that set the tone.

and maybe I'm lucky/unlucky in that I've rarely gone to a meeting with 'spectators/chickens'. Usually our meetings were with the small team, or sometimes included outside help, or even the customers.

-E

Eric on October 18, 2006 7:37 AM

Have you ever tried to lay an egg? It's actually pretty hard work.

Martin on October 18, 2006 7:55 AM

This is a company, we're making a product, and if I need to put on a funny hat, or face paint, or change my name for the sake of some ridiculous concept then please allow me to make my way towards the nearest exit!

In other words:

This is a company, we're making a product, and if I need to put on a suit, or tie, or use a professional title, for the sake of some ridiculous concept then please allow me to make my way towards the nearest exit!

Really - what is the logical difference other than the fact that one set of concepts is new and the other is old?

Matt V on October 18, 2006 8:00 AM

So let me get this straight:

If I'm not willing to give up my life or health for the project, I'm excess overhead.

Riiight.

My day starts when I'm done work. I'm not going to work 50-60+ hours a week to satisfy the ego of a sociopathic homewrecker. If he knew how to allocate resources, then nobody would have to work overtime.

We've all read how you're just not productive after a certain number of hours. You go to more meetings, you read more /. and CH, and your work is always - without exception - piss poor.

themagni on October 18, 2006 8:18 AM

"People who are not committed to the project and are not accountable for deliverables at the meeting do not get to talk [at the daily meeting]. They are excess overhead for the meeting."

Then why are they there? Seriously, this has got to be the most ridiculous thing I've ever heard!

Dave K on October 18, 2006 8:19 AM

Some of these comments show an impressive capacity for overreaction.

"If I'm not willing to give up my life or health for the project, I'm excess overhead."

That's not what "committed" means in terms of these meetings. "Committed" means "I am one of the people who is producing something that is being discussed". The opposite is "I am at this meeting to hear about what is being discussed because it may affect me indirectly."

For example, say you're having a cross-functional review of a design for an upcoming feature. The "pigs" are the designers and implementors; the "chickens" are people like QA (who need to know what's coming down the pike so they can get their test plans ready), the Tech Pubs people (who will eventually need to document the feature), etc.

In a test plan review, the "pigs" are the QA folks who have written the test plan or will be carrying out the work; the "chickens" might include the developers whose software is being tested.

Both have a reason to be there; Scrum tries to make sure that their roles in the meeting are understood ahead of time.

Tim Lesher on October 18, 2006 8:33 AM

@ Matt V
>Really - what is the logical difference other
>than the fact that one set of concepts is new
>and the other is old?

Limiting the involvement of people who 1) Don't have enough information to make useful contributions or 2) Aren't tied to the success or failure of the project, is not a new idea. And there's already a decent name for people who are involved: stakeholders.

The logical difference between the two sets you point out is that one (suit, tie, titles) were designed to promote professionalism within the workplace. Something that slang derogatory names based on (inside?) jokes hardly makes an effort in doing.

The effectiveness of suite+tie+titles in promoting professionalism is an entirely other discussion.


@Jeff
>And I wonder: how do you diplomatically break
>the news to a chicken that thinks it's a pig?

Bingo. It's easy when the chickens know and accept that they're chickens. This is where assigning names to projects (and roles within those projects) can make a difference. There's nothing like a good old fashioned org chart to tell you in a very impersonal way that you're better off not attending a meeting.

MTan on October 18, 2006 9:03 AM

Chickens and pigs are just a story used to illustrate a point - only those committed to the outcome of the Sprint have a say. The rest of the people are just observers who get their say at the Sprint Review.

Scrum is very deliberate in it renaming of well-understood (or accepteed) terms, starting with the term ScrumMaster. From my understanding, Scrum renames everything in order to help people change their perspective and see how they have a different role. Scrum used the name "ScrumMaster" to describe what most people would call a "project manager". Why? To highlight that the ScrumMaster has no authority over the team and does not have the traditional role of project manager. The easiest way to get people to think about their role is to give it a new name.

Another term renamed is "Daily Scrum" for what most people call a "status meeting", except the Daily Scrum is not a status meeting. The Daily Scrum is a way for the self-organizing team to align themselves with each other's progress and raise obstacles all in less than 15 minutes. Renaming the meeting to Daily Scrum highlights how the meeting is different.

Personally, I like the terms "Fowards" and "Backs", since I can never tell that chicken and pig story right.

Carlton on October 18, 2006 9:17 AM

Tim Lesher writes:

"If I'm not willing to give up my life or health for the project, I'm excess overhead" [is] not what "committed" means in terms of these meetings. "Committed" means "I am one of the people who is producing something that is being discussed". The opposite is "I am at this meeting to hear about what is being discussed because it may affect me indirectly."

--

This has an accountability problem. I am on the hook for a project coming online sometime soon enough that I am feeling pressure. If the guy who works on 'service I intend to use' or 'service that my project replaces' comes to one of our planning meetings, I damn well expect him to tell me if we have wandered into the weeds. I would really like to know sooner rather than later.

Quoting again:

"For example, say you're having a cross-functional review of a design for an upcoming feature. The "pigs" are the designers and implementors; the "chickens" are people like QA (who need to know what's coming down the pike so they can get their test plans ready), the Tech Pubs people (who will eventually need to document the feature), etc."

If the design for the feature adds something that is impossible to test, or that will not be documented in time for shipment, wouldn't you rather know early enough to make the change? Sure, it might be nice to wait until the Test Plan Meeting, but if the test plan guy has a real, substantive objection, then that creating that test plan meeting might just have become his action item.

We have all sat in meetings with too many people, or people wandering off the agenda. A good meeting facilitator can judge, on the fly, whether an interruption indicates an off-line discussion, a 'schedule a meeting' action item, or an addition to the agenda. That is what they are there for.

And if someone belongs in a meeting, then they should be paying attention, and should contribute as needed, even if they are not delivering anything. If they do not belong there, then someone in authority should talk over why they do not belong there.

Insulting terminology, especially that which encourages a 'Death before Delay' mindset does not help us act professionally.

Scott

Scott Ellsworth on October 18, 2006 9:25 AM

Aside from the chicken and pig argument, I don't agree that meeting 'spectators' are overhead. If they're there, and they can keep their freaking mouth shut, it can provide a desired depth to their experience in the company.

For instance, I used to abandon my desk in the IT department and attend a "production team" meeting; I never spoke up in the meeting, but I was listening for ways that my department could help theirs.

Of course, this was a stand-up, every day, 10 minute meeting, so it was heavily 'facilitated.' I've had to sit in on the other kind of meeting too :S

Russ on October 18, 2006 10:05 AM

> I'm regularly involved in meetings (and have been over the past five or so years that I've been a dev lead) in which the "eavesdroppers" outnumbered those doing actual work by eight to one. It wouldn't be so bad if they were just evesdroppers, but just about any random meeting attendee can derail a meeting, and those with no vested interest in a productive meeting seem to love to derail it just to "make their mark".

I think Jon's experience cuts to the heart of the debate. The role of the PM (or ScrumMaster) is to protect the team-- and that means keeping (and enforcing) observers silence during this period.

This effect is *particularly* dangerous for a Daily Scrum meeting, which is supposed to be a tight, daily 15 minute affair. You can imagine the effect on a team if the "daily" meeting balloons to 45 minutes or an hour. So the timeboxing has to be strict.

As Sutherland points out, these people are welcome at the (roughly monthly) sprint retrospective meetings, where they *can* speak and provide input for the upcoming work.

But still, we can get rid of the ridiculous pig/chicken nomenclature. It just gets in the way.

Jeff Atwood on October 18, 2006 10:39 AM

I wonder what Steve Yeggi would say about this :)

Seshagiri on October 18, 2006 10:49 AM

You forgot about the role of the butcher.

The role of butcher is to cut off the heads of the chickens and watch them wander around haplessly until they slump lifeless to the ground.

The butcher carves up the pigs making nice porkchops and delicious sides of bacon.

What role does the butcher play in your daily scrum meetings? Do you have 1 or more butchers in your scrum meetings?

Jon Raynor on October 18, 2006 11:44 AM

I am sure you are able to see the essence of the matter, please get familiarity with the context for the words, you can use whichever words work best for your project context, as soon as the essence of the original context remain, you are taking value from Scrum.

Marco on October 18, 2006 3:10 PM

the browser i have used for the last six years now is the best multi-tab browser in the world. it is called 'crazy browser' and thanks to that stupid stupid name i have never convinced anyone else to use it. and yet it's the best.

names matter. like what if instead of jeff your name was janice. i for one would think of you differently.

lb on October 18, 2006 7:10 PM

I've read many times that words DO hurt, especially in racial/religious discrimination. Being called a "chicken" in a meeting and being told to shut up changes my attitude from cooperative to hostile (in later contacts). "Deliverable producer" is better for the stakeholders, though a single word would be better than the 2 words. "Stakeholder" is too general for my tastes as every stockholder in the company is a stakeholder. And to my American ear, "scrum" sounds like "scruffy bum" or "crumb". Simply make a rule that in the daily short meeting people may only speak if they are producing the document being discussed.

barry on October 19, 2006 10:27 AM

Jon Galloway said: "Developers (myself included) are terrible at naming things."

If that's true, we're sunk! One of a developer's most important skills is the naming of names. Presumably, the person who thought up pigs and chickens didn't have the wit to choose a word like "Observer". I dread to think what their code looks like.

Dominic Cronin on October 19, 2006 11:09 AM

Some years back, a friend was invited to Microsoft at the tail end of a round of job interviews. He got to meet everyone who would be on his "team" and speak with them a little about the project. Almost to a man (women, too), each claimed that 80% of the code was being produced by themselves and it would be a welcome relief to have another "productive" person on the team.

Hmmm, my limited math background tells me that something is not right here.

chuck on October 21, 2006 11:37 AM

The ScrumMaster is a pig, and the designated grenade jumper.

Every product needs an obvious wart for the world to bike-shed over so the rest of the world can make the important decisions. Well done, Scrum.

DeanG on November 29, 2006 5:44 PM

i am a pig i don't get murdered

Nithu on June 20, 2007 1:15 AM

All I can say is I love bacon & egg sarnies and I ain't about to turn vegetarian! :)

Angus Cooke on June 20, 2008 6:32 AM

I'm of the opposite opinion here. I like the "pigs" and "chickens" nomenclature. I like "Scrum". Why?

Because they make otherwise jaded people sit up and take notice when they are introduced to yet another project management methodology/toolset/whatever. You start calling them barnyard animals and the momentary indignation wakes them up from whatever stupor of thought they're in. If they stay mad, do they really belong on the team? Isn't it better to get them off the team before they start getting paranoid about their inability to contribute anything useful getting them kicked off the team?

These terms get people out of their comfort zones and stops them from taking themselves so seriously. And that is the root of the problem. People who take themselves too seriously are the same ones who stand up and pontificate for hours on end in useless meetings that produce nothing of value for anyone.

Call him a chicken, tell him to sit down, and let the pigs get back to the real business of finishing the project. Do it in a good-humored way and people will warm to it, even develop a sense of humor.

Political correctness solves nothing.

Rob on August 25, 2008 2:24 PM

An Italian friend of mine who is a Scrum consultant particularly dislikes these terms. In his words:

"In Italian, a chicken is an idiot and a pig is a sexual pervert"

:)

Baris on June 18, 2009 4:39 AM
Content (c) 2009 Jeff Atwood. Logo image used with permission of the author. (c) 1993 Steven C. McConnell. All Rights Reserved.